Fall of teh House of Romanov essays

Fall of teh House of Romanov expositions The Romanov family, an extraordinary and renowned genealogy, administered over Russia from 1613 to 1917. Despite the fact that it had, before, beat a wide range of predicaments, the Romanov family was to fall, finally, in 1917 with the renunciation of Tsar Nicholas the Second. After the Russo-Japanese war of 1905, the Russian armed force was seriously debilitated and, subsequently, the Russian government had to persevere through the limitations of a careful international strategy. As it was fundamental for the Russian armed force to revamp itself before Russia could again be considered as extraordinary a force as it had been, the vast majority of Russia's endeavors needed to concentrated inside the nation. For help with remaking its capacity, Russia got advances from France, which reinforced their collusion. In the wake of having been vanquished in the Russo-Japanese war, Russia not, at this point had a lot of impact in East Asia and hence turned its endeavors to the Balkan states where a temperamental circumstance was creating with the debilitating of the Habsburg government and the Ottoman Empire. The Russian remote pastor, Aleksandr Petrovich Izvolsky, neglected to perfect an arrangement with Austria over the control of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This brought about Austria assuming responsibility for those two Balkan expresses; this national mortification caused Ivolsky to leave. Since Russia had, for quite a while, had an arrangement of ensuring its Slavic siblings', the Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand in June of 1914 and the resulting request by Austria of Serbia put Russia in a troublesome circumstance. It couldn't down to Austrian requests once more (as it had in the Bosnia-Herzegovina illicit relationship), but then to not give in would intend to set the two arrangements of collusions in conflict (the Triple Entente against the Triple Alliance) and to put Europe at war. In any case, as per the convictions of the time, Russia ruled for the war with the expectation that their capacity would be broadened and cemented in the Bal ... <!

How To Attack Paired Passages in SAT Reading

The most effective method to Attack Paired Passages in SAT Reading SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Responding to inquiries on numerous entries is somewhat not quite the same as addressing inquiries on only one section. A portion of a similar counsel is as yet relevant, however there are techniques explicit to multipassage inquiries also. I’ll go over the various subjects you may see canvassed in combined entries on the SAT just as giving methodologies for matched entry questions. include picture credit: Happy Furry Friday by Alan L, utilized under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from unique. SAT Reading: A Quick Recap We have a point by point breakdown of SAT Reading in another article, however just in the event that you've overlooked: Reading is the primary area of the SAT and comprises of 52 inquiries on six sections to be replied in a short time. The entries utilized on the SAT are consistently on shifting branches of knowledge and come in three assortments: single sections, entries with diagrams or tables that you likewise need to break down, and matched sections or looking at entries, which I will examine in this article. In the event that you need more data about how to think about any or these section assortments, read this article. Entry based inquiries come in these seven essential flavors: Huge Picture: Find the primary concern of an entry or section, or from what point of view is this data being given. Little Picture/Detail: Find a particular detail in the content, with or without area data. Induction: Based on the data gave in the section, surmise data. Jargon in Context: Find how a word is utilized in the predefined place (or pick a word that best exemplifies a depiction from the entry). Capacity: Explain how an expression, sentence, or section works in a bigger setting (section or entry). Creator Technique: What is the tone or style of a section (regularly requested to thoroughly analyze distinctive authors’ procedures)? Discover the Evidence: Which of these lines from the section best backings your answer? Matched Passages On The SAT Out of the six sections on SAT Reading, two of them will be matched entries. These sections are typically 40-50 lines each and are trailed by 10-12 inquiries. The initial four to seven of these inquiries will be about the sections independently, while the last three to six inquiries will pose about the two entries. Combined entries on SAT Reading frequently incorporate basic material with data about the class, distribution date, and here and there even the general circumstance/subject of the content. Here's a model from a training SAT: Questions 32-42 depend on the accompanying passages.These sections are adjusted from the Lincoln†Douglas discusses. Section 1 is from an announcement by Stephen Douglas. Section 2 is from an announcement by Abraham Lincoln. Douglas and Lincoln occupied with a progression of discussions while vieing for a US Senate seat in 1858. The early on material above enlightens you concerning the kind of entry (Passage 1 is from an announcement by Douglas, Passage 2 is from an announcement by Lincoln) and when the wellspring of every section was initially distributed/composed (just as when the Lincoln-Douglas Debates happened). Like these Lincoln-Douglas sections, combined entries most as often as possible fall into the U.S. Establishing Documents and the Great Global Conversation class of SAT Reading entries. These entries are normally composed pre-1900s and concern issues and concerns vital to educated citizenship like the importance of vote based system, subjugation, ladies' privileges, social equality and common defiance, etc. The following most habitually secured branch of knowledge is science, with entries on themes, for example, extraterrestrial mining, natural cultivating, and the impact of the web on the mind. Remember, in any case, that while most combined entries in the past have been either science or Great Global Conversation sections, that doesn't imply that you probably won't run over an artistic or sociology centered arrangement of matched entries later on. Most definitely, any point could function as a lot of combined sections. what hides inside by Sandy Schultz, utilized under CC BY 2.0. No one can tell what subjects you'll discover hiding in combined entries. Plan of Attack: All Paired Passages There is nobody surefire methodology that will let you power through inquiries on matched entries, since part of it relies upon how you approach the section. Underneath, we've accumulated our best three procedures for acing combined sections; evaluate each to see which best works for you. Methodology 1: Start By Answering Questions on Individual Passages Regardless of how you approach the entry (intensive read first, questions first, or skimming and afterward questions), for matched sections, I profoundly, energetically suggest responding to the inquiries concerning every individual section first before proceeding onward to the multi-entry questions. Regardless of whether you're anticipating speculating on questions that get some information about various entries, it’s still justified, despite all the trouble to set aside effort to respond to inquiries on singular sections. Every entry that shows up as a feature of a lot of matched sections is shorter and less convoluted than the independent long entries (since you're relied upon to contrast entry with entry, not simply center in around one entry). Along these lines, it's regularly simpler to respond to the individual section questions-there are less words to understand generally speaking, and it's simpler to discover subtleties. What's more, some of the time the inquiries the SAT pose about every individual entries will give you data that may be useful with regards to inquiries concerning the two sections For example, investigate this inquiry concerning an individual section (of a lot of combined entries): As utilized in line 32, watched most almost implies A) followed.B) scrutinized.C) contemplated.D) took note. Presently, here’s an inquiry in a similar area that pose about the two sections: In light of the entries, Lincoln would probably depict the conduct that Thoreau suggests in lines 64-66 (if it...law) as An) a passable response to a heinous situation.B) a dismissal of the nation's appropriate type of remedy.C) a good reaction to a crooked law.D) a misapplication of a center standard of the Constitution. Lines 64-66 read in the event that it is of such a nature, that it expects you to be the specialist of treachery to another, at that point, I state, violate the law. If you’ve addressed the principal question, which includes returning the sentence that contains line 32 (But I do intend to state, that, albeit awful laws, on the off chance that they exist, ought to be revoked as quickly as time permits, still while they proceed in power, for instance, they ought to be strictly watched), at that point you realize that A) can't be right and that B) is likely right. This doesn't really offer you the right response immediately (you despite everything need to take out answer decisions C) and D) ), yet it will spare you time. A last point to remember about addressing inquiries concerning singular entries is that for matched sections, the two sections will concur on certain things and differ on others. Responding to inquiries on the individual sections can help you suss out what the entries may concur or differ on before you get to inquiries on the two entries that request that you do precisely that. Procedure 2: Find The Hardest Paired Passage Questions For You...And Drill Them This procedure isn't one of a kind to matched section inquiries on the SAT-making sense of your shortcoming in any territory and afterward concentrating your time on rehearsing what is hard for you will enable you to improve. For matched sections on SAT Reading, in any case, making sense of your more significant level shortcomings is increasingly troublesome in light of the fact that it isn't in every case clear which expertise (or even blend of abilities) is being tried by the inquiry. To assist with your SAT Reading matched section triage, I've gathered a rundown of the most well-known ways each question type may show up with regards to combined entries. Note: The inquiries underneath are on the whole inquiries that pose to you about numerous entries. While once in a while vocab-in-setting inquiries will be posed after a progression of longer combined entries, these inquiries are consistently concerning either Passage 1 or Passage 2, not both; accordingly, they are discarded beneath. Capacity Questions In non-matched entries, work questions ask what an expression, sentence, or section is achieving inside the setting of the entire entry. At the point when they show up on matched entries, work questions frequently appear on singular sections yet show up generally rarely with respect to the two entries. Here are two different ways I've seen work questions got some information about numerous entries: â€Å"In lines 61-65, the creator of Passage 2 alludes to an announcement made in Passage 1 so as to With regards to every section all in all, the inquiry in lines 25-27 of Passage 1 and lines 67-69 of Passage 2 fundamentally capacity to support every speaker Enormous Picture, Detail, and Inference Questions While these inquiries test various aptitudes, they will regularly be asked similarly. Here are a couple of models (adjusted from real SAT practice tests): The principle reason for every entry is to The two creators would in all probability concur that the adjustments in felines' status that they depict would be In view of the sections, the two creators would concur with which of the accompanying cases? Webber would in all probability have responded to lines 65-68 (The musical...terrible) of Passage 2 with OMG! by Andrea Schaffer, utilized under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from unique. Oh dear, SAT answer decisions are not in feline outward appearance structure. While the first of these inquiries is obviously a central matter inquiry, it’s somewhat more dim with others. The subsequent inquiry could be any of the three kinds, contingent upon the unique situation. In the event that the adjustment in felines' status was the central matter of the entries, it would be a primary concern question. In the event that the adjustment in felines' statuses was simply referenced in going as a feature of a bigger picture, it would be a detail question. On the off chance that the appropriate response decision

Check Blocked Resources Report and Unblock Resources from Google Search Console

Check Blocked Resources Report and Unblock Resources from Google Search Console Googlebot often visit our website and get information about our web resources such as Images, CSS, and JavaScript files. Googlebot work to make your web resources to make them pretty and functional. After that Googlebot helps to crawl your web resources in search engine. As a result visitors see the URL on search engine and visit your website and Blog. But sometimes Googlebot cant access to your web resources, as a result it cant use them when it renders for search. Whenever Googlebot cant use your webpage resources then it send a signal to Google search Console that your resources has blocked. How to see Blocked Resources Report? Do you want to know which part of your webpage is blocked by robot.txt directives? Then you must register with Google Search Console. Because after submitting and verifying your site with Google Search Console you would able to get access to details information about your site. To see Blocked resources report please visit the below steps- Step 1 Please visit https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/home?hl=en and Log into Google Search Console. Step 2 From Search Console Dashboard click Google Index to expend option and click Blocked Resources link. Step 3 Now you will see the details report with graphical presentation about Blocked resources. This is very simple to read the Blocked resources report. But this would be little confusing for first time. But I will explain how to read the report below. How to read the Blocked resources report? For demonstration purpose I have attached my Blocked Resources screenshots. This report is showing my websites resources used Googlebot but that are blocked to Googlebot. Let me explain to simplify the report. The Blocked Resources report landing page shows list of hosts that provide resources on your site that are blocked by robots.txt rules. Here some blocked resources hosted on my own site, and some are hosted on other sites. If you want to see the details then Click on any host in the table to see a list of blocked resources from that host, with a count of pages on your site affected by each blocked resource. In case of my Blog - BloggerSpice has blocked 7 pages, Publicityclerks blocked 3 pages and Pinterest has blocked 1 page. Click on any blocked resource in the table for a list of your pages that load the resource. For example Purpose I have click on BloggerSpice that has blocked 7 pages of my Blog. And now we can see details which page resources are blocked. How To unblock Resources from Google Search Console? Whenever we see block resources then we should take action to unblock the resources. Otherwise our web traffic significantly affects, because Googlebot unable to get access to our webpages Images, CSS, and JavaScript files. For unblocking resources please follow the below steps- Step 1 From Google Search Console Dashboard click Google Index to expend option and click Blocked Resources link. Step 2 Click on blocked resources hosted on your own site e.g www.bloggerspice.com and enters into the Blocked URL. Alternatively you can navigate by clicking the appropriate link in the breadcrumb path that appears at the top of the page as you click deeper Blocked resources - Blocking host - Blocked resource name. Step 3 Now click on any page in the table hosting a blocked resource for instructions on how to unblock that resource. After click on blocked URL a popup window will appear with 3 options. Step 4 First click Fetch as Google button. And it will head to Google Fetch page. From there click Fetch and Render button and after that click Submit to Index button. Step 5 At this time return to unblocked resources popup window and from there click Verify host button. If your site is not verified then verify it by using any method or simply use Meta tag method for verifying the host. Step 6 Finally updates the robots.txt file just click robotc.txt tester and test your robots.txt file. If you find any error on your robots.txt file then simply remove the error and submit the robots.txt file to Google again. Step 7 After doing all steps successfully just click Done button. It will take several days to see the changes on your Blocked resources page. So check it after few days. And you would see your blocked resources URL has unblocked. Because now Googlebot can access to your Images, CSS, JavaScript files. Hope this tutorial will help to improve your site SEO and unblock the resources.

Essay on The Effects of Technology on Students - 855 Words

The Effects of Technology on Students Change is constant. Though one may not be able to see the change, one can look back through the course of a year or maybe even a few months and see the change. Technology has transformed with our culture. There are many benefits for students with the new advancements of technology. Teachers have seen many of these benefits with the influence of technology on their students. Many students find a sense of accomplishment when working with technology. Students are now more willing to write and work on computational skills (Estey). Then students find these tasks appealing and are able to achieve more. Another area that technology has impacted is the expansion of the learning†¦show more content†¦There are many things needed to create an environment more conducive to learning for each student, some of which include: †¢ Vision with support and proactive leadership from the educational system. †¢ Educators skilled in the use of technology for learning. †¢ Content standards and curriculum resources. †¢ Student-centered approaches to learning. †¢ Assessment of the effectiveness of technology for learning. †¢ Access to contemporary technologies, software, and telecommunications networks. †¢ Technical assistance for maintaining and using technology resources. †¢ Community partners who provide expertise, support, and real-life interactions. †¢ Ongoing financial support for sustained technology use. †¢ Policies and standards supporting new learning environments. (istenets.org) Physical, human, financial, and policy aspects greatly affect the success of technology use in schools. Also with the advancements of technology, students are able to communicate with their teachers outside of the classroom. Students are able to ask questions through e-mail, alleviating confusion in the class. Through e-mail, students can receive one-on-one attention he or she may not receive in class due to hesitation that may be caused by other students in the class. Another benefit technology has on students is preparation for the workplace. TraditionalShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Effect On Students881 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past decade leading edge advancements in technology have brought many new ways for students to learn. All the hours in a day that young kids, teenagers, and even adults spend using some sort of technology device, it opens a whole new dimension of learning methods. Although technology has brought up concerns of whether it is really benefiting students or taking focus away from their studies. â€Å"What we’re labeling as ‘distraction,’ some see as a failure of adults to see how these kids processRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Students2001 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction The subject of technology has become something of relevance because of the facilitated access that the student population to new technologies. Technology is integrated into many different activities, when looking at the student population it seen that the Internet is commonly used for research to obtain information. The integration of technology into learning environments is something that is commonly seen. The use of technology in schools such as computers and smartphones on a dailyRead MoreTechnology And Its Effect On Students Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology, in and of itself, is great. Whether the technology is a computer or a smartphone, it is helpful to have. 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Exploring Its Viability for Early Childhood Education† by Couse and Chen are two studies that explored the effect of technologyRead MoreEffects of Modern Technology Among Students3801 Words   |  16 Pagesdigitization of social and economic life it has become a very important need of skilful and flexible use of ever more sophisticated tools and technologies. At once, thanks to modern technologies, acquisition of knowledge, skills and qualifications has become faster, easier and more efficient. In this paper it has been made an aim to estimate the use of modern technologies, in particular internet, such as: amplified reality, videoconferences online in real time, strategic games, social networking sitesRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Students Attitudes Education Essay1995 Words   |  8 PagesTechnology Has Positive Effects On Students Attitudes Education Technology has evolved and grown rapidly. This is the reason why technology plays a major role in modern life that affects all the aspect of human activities. Therefore, our societies get a lot of benefits from modern technology. Universities and colleges for example have so many facilities. Such as labs with sophisticated computer devices, internet connections with high speed, projectors and smart boards. Using these developed toolsRead MoreEffects of Modern Technology to Learning Habits of the Students1471 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY TO STUDENTS† A Research Paper Submitted to: Professor Rhona Theresa S. Sambrano, M.A.T School of Medical Laboratory Science Far Eastern University Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for English 2 Albarico, Karl Marco S. Lim, Patrick Joseph C. March 2016 APPROVAL SHEET The research paper entitled â€Å"A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY†; prepared and submitted by Patrick Joseph C. LimRead MoreThe Effect Of Technology On Students Enthusiasm For Learning Science821 Words   |  4 Pagesnowadays technology is being used in the classroom† (Daniel, 2011). Students learning with technology. â€Å"The effect of technology on students’ enthusiasm for learning science (both at school and away from school) was investigated† (Hollis, 1995). It will foster a great learning experience for the students. â€Å"Enthusiasm for learning science can be defined as the students’ eagerness to participate in science activities in the classroom, as well as away from school† (Hollis, 1995). Using technology toRead MoreThe Effects Of Technology On Classroom Practices And Student Outcomes1564 Words   |  7 Pagesparticipants should be ensured at all times and the research should be conducted in an ethical manner (Na tional Health and Medical Research Council, 2015, p.5). In the aforementioned research, studying the effects the investment of technology throughout their school was having on classroom practices and student outcomes – specifically in mathematics and science teaching, many ethical considerations must be taken into account. Researchers must have received the appropriate consent from all stakeholders, ensuredRead MoreThe Effect of Modern Lifestyle (Technology) on Student Productivity3992 Words   |  16 PagesTOPIC: THE EFFECT OF MODERN LIFESTYLE (TECHNOLOGY) ON STUDENT PRODUCTIVITY 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Over the past few decades, technology has been drastically changing the way our society functions. The current generation is becoming completely dependent on new technologies. According to â€Å"Peter H. Martorella – 1997† Technology has opened the world of communication in a way before inexperienced. It also allows for more tasks to be completed in less time. In essence, technology has made

Graduation Speech My Writing - 1565 Words

Portfolio Argument Essay Throughout the semester, I was asked to summarize, respond to, analyze, and build upon the works of others.The transition from high school English to college English was an obstacle to overcome. Throughout the semester, I was given a multitude of feedback on different pieces to improve my writing. My writing drastically improved from high school to college and will continue to change in the expanse of the semester and the remainder of my college career. Through the feedback of Professor Valley and my Writing Fellow, Emily, I have improved in my writing through including more specific details, stronger vocabulary, improved organization, and being able to better identify problems in my own writing.†¦show more content†¦Also, the quote I added was not explained afterwards. The reader would not know why the quote is there. Looking at the quote now, I realize that is not correct and the quote needs to be explained in greater detail to provide the reader t he most efficient information. Knowing to add more specific details is an essential skill to enhance my writing. In my most recent paper I didn t do that as much but still left out specific details. Valley commented, â€Å"You could have clarified your points with more details and examples, but you re pretty thorough throughout.† From the feedback, I noticed how much I have strengthened my writing from simply adding in more details. From the first day of English 101 to the end of the semester, I was introduced to countless essentials for being a better writer. In my past assignments, Professor Valley commented on my paper to use stronger vocabulary. After reviewing one day in class, Ms. Valley introduced a tool to use when wanted to enhance vocabulary within a paper. She listed several words not to use often in a professional paper: it, very, my opinion, etc. When pressing â€Å"Control† and â€Å"F†, a search box appears enabling users to search for specific words. Searching words such as it, very, etc. and exchanging them with stronger vocabulary words can make a paper more professional. Then for my paper, I used the search, find, and replace method. First I searched for the common words and found thirty-four matches for the

Analysis Of Epictetus And Mills On The Way People Should...

2.) When we debate about Epictetus and mills work we tend to agree with both philosophers but one of these philosophers ideas are better than the other. When it comes to Epictetus and Mills advice on the way people should live life is quite interesting. Epictetus advise us on the fact that some things are in our power and choice worthy we talk about clear thinking, right choices, right aims, good character traits. Stoics believe that if we develop the habit or disposition of getting our aims, valuations, and thoughts right we can experience happiness and understanding of a better life. Also things such as opinion, aim, desire, and aversion†. Since aim, desire, and aversion normally lead to action, the action is partly but not entirely in our power. Character depends on upon our opinions and aims, which are in our power; hence character traits virtues or vices are under our control. The presence or absence of violent feelings moreover is in our power. Some things are in our po wer and to be avoided confused or ignorant thinking, wrong choices, bad aims, and bad character traits. Normally to be selected, but not when doing so would conflict with correct thinking and action. These include but are not limited to health, survival, physical beauty, good reputation, freedom from pain. Some things are not in our power. These include but are not limited to illness, an early death, physical homeliness, and physical pain. Mill advice is about the importance, to man and society,

Jazz Age free essay sample

Jazz Age, also known as the roaring twenties, came about. The Jazz Age occurred when the economy of America was in its prime, before the tragedy of the Stock Market Crash and Great Depression. The Jazz Age brought forth gallants female suffrage leaders, writers, and musicians, each Influencing a different class of people In society. Jazz was created In the twentieth century by a group of African American musicians from New Orleans (Teach). They took the rhythms and melodies of their ancestors and westernizes them to form what we now call Jazz (Teach).These alienated men then moved to Chicago and other American cities sharing their newfound music with the people (Teach). Around the time jazz was created, racism was very prominent, but as Carols Weatherboard said, Racism ripped America at the seams, and Jazz stitched the nation together one song at a time (Faberge). Jazz had many generations that progressed from swing, bebop, cool Jazz and hard bop, to fusion (Burner). The high-spirited attitude and hedonism simply could not find a place amid the economic hardships of the sass. Prohibition was the political forbearance of producing, transporting and selling alcoholic beverages. The Eighteenth Amendment was imposed in 1917 and was abolished in 1933. It was known as the National Prohibition Act. This act was enforced by the government assuming that it would help reduce criminal actions like homicide, assault and battery. Furthermore they hoped to reduce poverty and to improve economy and the quality of life.The Great Migration refers to the widespread migration of African Americans in he 20th century from rural communities in the South to large cities in the North and West. At the turn of the 20th century, the vast majority of black Americans lived in the Southern states. From 1916 to 1970, during this Great Migration, it is estimated that some 6 million black Southerners relocated to urban areas in the North and West. African Americans moved north to escape the rural poverty and racial prejudice of the Jim Crow South, and to find better work opportunities in northern industrial cities like Chicago, Detroit and New York City.

Alternate Dispute Resolution at Darden Restaurants and Hooters of America Essay Example

Alternate Dispute Resolution at Darden Restaurants and Hooters of America Paper ADR at Darden Restaurants and Hooters of America More companies are turning to alternate dispute resolution (ADR) as an alterative to the judicial system for settling employee disputes. There are some clear advantages and disadvantages to ADR for both employers and employees. The best-designed ADR programs are those that are fair and impartial. A good ADR program should seek to find the best possible outcome for both parties while saving time and money and preserving relationships. The least effective ADR programs tend to be unfair and perpetuate the imbalance and bargaining power discrepancy frequently found in employer-employee relationships. In this paper, I will compare the ADR programs of Darden Restaurants and Hooters of America. My basis for comparison will be measured primarily on how well they address the advantages of ADR equally for the employer and the employee. It should be noted that Darden’s is considered to be a model program due to its comprehensiveness and fairness. By contrast – perhaps unsurprisingly – it is disappointing to see that Hooters has constructed an ADR program that offers little justice to its employees. Advantages of using ADR ADR can save vast amounts of time and money. While lawsuits can take years and thousands of dollars to settle, through ADR, conflicts can often be resolved in a matter of weeks or months at a greatly reduced cost. There are potential savings in court costs, attorney fees, and expert witness fees when a dispute is settled through mediation, arbitration, or a combination of both. We will write a custom essay sample on Alternate Dispute Resolution at Darden Restaurants and Hooters of America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Alternate Dispute Resolution at Darden Restaurants and Hooters of America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Alternate Dispute Resolution at Darden Restaurants and Hooters of America specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Potential disadvantages of ADR are the wasted time and increased cost that are incurred when a dispute goes through ADR but still ends up in court. At Darden, there are four ways to resolve workplace disputes – Open Door Policy, Peer Review, Mediation, and Arbitration. Each is designed to encourage settlement without litigation and each is promoted as an effective alternative to litigation that is fair to all parties. The first step toward resolving disputes at Darden is use of the open door policy. If the employee is not satisfied with the first three steps of the ADR program mentioned above, the matter can move on to the final step: arbitration. The court has determined that the Darden program appears to meet the legal tests for ADR. It is important to note that Darden does not expect to reduce expenses via reduction in the payout of damages and compensation to employees with legitimate claims; rather, their expected cost savings lies in reducing court-related fees. In stark contrast, Hooters’ ADR program is a one-sided agenda designed to help the company win arbitration cases and save time and money. The ADR program takes advantage of the company’s superior bargaining power: employees must sign the agreement to arbitrate disputes in order to be eligible for raises, transfers, and promotions. Employees are allowed only five days to review and decide if they will accept or reject the agreement. Hooters’ ADR agreement states that the company has the right to change the rules and procedures at any time – even while in the midst of an arbitration proceeding – without notice. In addition, the rules require employees to disclose their cases to the company, along with a list of witnesses and a record of facts known to each witness. Hooters, meanwhile, is not required to reciprocate by disclosing the details of its defense. The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit summed it up by stating that the Hooters rules are â€Å"so one-sided that their only purpose is to undermine the neutrality of the (arbitration) proceeding. † The basis for a workable ADR program is that it should guarantee neutrality; a neutral party is hired or retained to hear and decide on cases. At Darden, the choice of a neutral party is governed by outside rules preventing abuse in the selection of a biased arbitrator or mediator. The neutrals at the proceedings are experts belonging to the American Arbitration Association (AAA). AAA is a public-service, non-profit organization serving businesses and government. Meanwhile, Hooters’ mechanism for selecting a panel of three arbitrators is crafted to ensure a biased decision maker. The employee and the company each select an arbitrator. These two arbitrators in turn select the third arbitrator. The biggest problem with this process is that all of the arbitrators must be selected from a list created exclusively by the company. Hooters can nominate its managers or select arbitrators who have a financial interest in the company to be placed on the list. Anyone deemed as being against the company can be taken off the list. ADR is a legitimate and potentially highly beneficial alternative to litigation, and its use can save employers and employees both time and money. ADR can decrease the adversarial dynamic between parties and offer greater flexibility in settlements. Further, it provides the potential to preserve business relationships. Darden Restaurants has a good ADR program that addresses these issues.

Cry, Our Beloved Country Essays - Cry, The Beloved Country, Jarvis

Cry, Our Beloved Country Essays - Cry, The Beloved Country, Jarvis Cry, Our Beloved Country Cry the beloved country, by alan paton, is a book which tells the story of how james jarvis, a wealthy estate owner who, because of his own busy life, had to learn of the social degradation in south africa through the death of his only son. If arthur jarvis had never been killed, james jarvis would never have been educated by his sons writings, and stephen kumalo. When we first meet james jarvis, he knows little of his sons life. He doesn't know his son was on a kind of a mission(p. 140), And this is why when harrison says,...we're scared stiff at the moment in johannesburg.( p. 140) James is sort of surprised and says,of crime?(p. 140). Talking to harrison taught stephen about the crime in the city, and the next morning he learns about his son. One of the first things that james learns of his son, and his views, he learns in arthurs' room. In reading his writings, james finds that arthur would have risked anything to help other people, and ended up doing just that. James finds that his son was well researched on the problems of their society, and was interested in helping the development of the social structure in south africa. From the pictures of jesus and lincoln on his wall, james discovered the admiration arthur had for these two men. These were men of action, who showed love for their friends, and at the same time, their enemies. These two men suffered and died for their beliefs, as did arthur in a way, this is showing arthurs' father what a great man his son was by comparison, and similarity to others. This revelation shows arthurs concern for humanity. After the discovery of his sons views through all of his writings, james begins to realize the problem, and starts to think of the problems of others before his own. In this aspect, james begins to remind the reader of oscar shindler. This is so because shindler was one who at one time hated jews, but as he began to understand them, he thuoght of their troubles and how his wealth could save them. Much like shindler, jarvis helps the minority. Following his sons death and the acquaintance of stephen, james donates 1000 pounds to the african boys club. Jarvis is not just giving gifts in memory of his son, or just to give, but giving those who need help ways to help themselves. When james gave the money to the club, he didn't just decide to give it to them, but knew that if he gave it, the club would use it to improve the countrys' condition. In all of his donations, james uses this subtle method to emancipate the blacks. A way to help his son taught him. Using his sons views again, jam es decides to do something about kumalos' village, which is falling apart. This task is a fairly large one , and james does this in steps. He first provides milk for the village kids, who only have warm water to drink, and then he builds a church. The reason he decides to build a church is that when he is in ndotsheni it begins to rain, and he and stephen take shelter in the church, which leaks and is in need of repair. The rain in ndotsheni is a bit of foreshadowing of hope for the village, and maybe of what is to come. Through james' education, we learn the similarities between mr. Jarvis and kumalo. When we first meet jarvis, the setting is much the same as when we met stephen. They both live in the farming areas of south africa, and they share the love for the land, and what is in their lives. They each are married with one son who they know nothing about, and both are forced to come to terms with the guilt of the whites by the same occurance. After they both lose their sons, they have a need to understand them, although all that is left are the memories. They each learn of the problems in south africa through their sons, and after the realization, they both try to do something to improve

Modern Democracies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Modern Democracies - Research Paper Example This means, in communities that act by voting, that rule belongs to the majority, as no other method has been found for determining peaceably and legally what is to be deemed the will of a community which is not unanimous† (Bryce, and Bryce 20). Keeping in accord to this definition if the modern systems of governance are followed, mainly two types of approaches towards democracy can be found, namely: multi partisan and bipartisan. In a democratic system as the common people have the sole authority to select the government by their voting power, thus, depending on their political ideology, creed, and dependence on political system parties are formed and they aim at functioning as the representatives of common people in the context of conveying their requirements to the government. In a bipartisan political structure as that of the United States the nature of democracy is determined by two major parties. The incidents of fraud in election had a major role to play in leading the U nited States political scenario to adopt the bipartisan structure. ... However, since mid 1980s several neo-liberal reforms were implemented quite in accordance with multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and multi-cultural demography of Brazil. The multi-cultural demography of the nation played one of the most important roles in the genesis of multi-partisan political structure and consequently provided the common people of the nation with freedom of choice so that urgent reforms can be introduced in different domains of the democratic existence within the Brazilian political context (Lemanski-Valente 89-90). Thesis Statement: The approach towards democracy in both bipartisan and multi-partisan system is to a great extent dependent on political culture of the respective nations. However, in respective system, approach towards democracy generates certain issues that will be focused with adequate attention on the structure of the United States of America (bipartisan) and Brazil (multi-partisan). The issues in approaching democracy from countries with bipartisan str ucture (such as the United States): The bipartisan structure of the United States received greatest challenge in late 1980s in approaching democracy once the Cold War was over. Ensuring democracy to the U.S. citizens became highly difficult during this time as the Cold War aftermath period was jeopardized by three major factors, namely wide spread of the liberal economic principles due to capitulation of the Soviet Union as well as of the communism; increasing economic interdependence among nations that was considered to be incompatible with traditional ideals of national sovereignty; and finally, the challenge over national sovereignty within the national itself due to negative impacts of

The Paths of Art and Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Paths of Art and Science - Essay Example Science needs art to illustrate the concepts and discoveries in a way that can be conceptualized by a viewer. Microbiology, deep space, sub atomic physics, and light beyond the visual spectrum all require an artist's rendition. As art strives to tell us more about who we are and describe the world around us, the artist relies on science to discover what that world is. Music and perspective require extensive math, while artists demand a better understanding of nature and the nature of life. Beauty in art is a perceived notion based in the observer's experience and comprehension of the art. The beauty in science is only evident to those who have a deep enough understanding of the subject to appreciate its truth. Yet, both are concerned with describing our universe in a way that is accurate, intuitive, and leaves us with a deeper understanding of who we are and what it means to be a part of the universe. Today's art depends on many scientific and technological advancements as new mediums and methods become available. The cinema, with special effects, is filled with technology. New methods of creation and the effects of widespread distribution impact music, sculpture, and literature. Science education benefits from the use of artistry in the classroom. Literature often relies on science to tell an accurate story, while science depends on the writer to craft the words to make the

Tobacco Smoking and Its Effect on Periodontal Disease Essay Example for Free

Tobacco Smoking and Its Effect on Periodontal Disease Essay The purpose of oral health research is to find out more information on areas which can be improved to benefit not only the public’s oral health knowledge and status but to improve oral health professional methods of practice as well (Petersen, 2003). The research’s main objective is to inspect tobacco smoking and its effect on periodontitis on the New Zealand adult population. Principal methods to be used include collecting data from participants that would be randomly selected from a sample which could represent the New Zealand adult population and interviewed from a telephone using a survey. The participants would categorize themselves as either as a non-smoker, former smoker or current smoker. The participants would then have their probing pocket depth and gingival recession clinical measured at three different tooth sites with 2.5-3.5mm, 3.5-5mm and over 5mm range recorded. The research hopes to impact the fact that smoking is a risk factor to periodontitis and that smoking should be prevented. Summary of PROPOSED Research Background: Periodontal disease arises from inflammation of the gingivae that is untreated commonly known as gingivitis. The inflammation and infection moves from the gingivae to the bone and supporting ligaments of the teeth. This loss of bone and support will cause the tooth to become mobile and this may lead to it eventually falling out. Being susceptible to periodontal disease is different according to a person as bacterial flora and local and systemic factors (Thomson et al, 2007). It is an important area to research for the New Zealand adult population as tobacco Smoking is known to effect periodontal disease this is done through affecting the level of bone attachment and the soft tissues around the gingivae (Obeid Bercy, 2000). The appearances clinically of gingivae for a smoker is different as it is fibrotic with rolled margins that are thick, pocketing depth which is larger consistently in maxillary lingual sites, the gingivae being less inflamed compared to the disease level seen and a person having a deeper probing depth, attachment loss and tooth loss than a person at the same age who never has smoked. Smokers have also been known to have impaired healing of gingivae due to blood flow and poorer clinically results to both surgical and non-surgical treatment (Obeid Bercy, 2000). It is necessary to research this area to find out if the amount of cigarettes smoked has more of an effect on the stage of periodontitis. When researching this topic the necessary confounding factors such as age, sex and socio economic status has to be considered (Bergstrom et al, 2000). Aim: The research’s main objective is to inspect tobacco smoking and its effect on periodontitis on the New Zealand adult population. Description of Study and Design: A descriptive cross sectional study will be researched to try and find out if tobacco smoking is a casual risk factor for periodontal disease. Principal methods to be used include collecting data from participants 18 and over that would be randomly selected from a community sample which could represent the New Zealand adult population and interviewed from a telephone using a survey. The participants would categorize themselves as either as a non-smoker, former smoker or current smoker. The current smokers would then have their smoking listed as heavy, moderate or light depending on the amount of cigarettes smoked daily. The participants would then have their probing pocket depth and gingival recession clinical measured at three different tooth sites with 2.5-3.5mm, 3.5-5mm and over 5mm range recorded by a Dentist and Dental Hygienist. The periodontitis will be recorded as no, moderate and severe depending on the bone attachment loss. Age and sex would be used as main confounders. The study will have to be ethically approved by the Otago University Human Ethics Committee. The adults income will be a confounder factor also as it effects their ability to have dental care. The data will be statistically analysed and the results published. Participants: The research study requires randomly selected participants male and female over eighteen which will give a sample of adults which could represent the New Zealand adult population. The recruitment process will be through telephone numbers provided from a district health board such as Public health south. The inclusion criteria would be adults over the age of 18 that do not wear full dentures, have enough dentition to be examined at three different random tooth sites and also do not have a medical condition which prevents them from partaking in the clinical examination. Main Outcome Measures: The research’s main goal is to prove through a descriptive cross sectional study that tobacco smoking is a casual risk factor on periodontitis regarding the New Zealand adult population. Another goal is to measure the severity of periodontitis regarding the amount of cigarettes the person smokes weather the risk is increased with more cigarettes smoked or not. References: Bergstrà ¶m, J., Eliasson, S., Dock, J. (2000). A 10-year prospective study of tobacco smoking and periodontal health. Journal of periodontology, 71(8), 1338-1347. Obeid, P. (2000). Effects of smoking on periodontal health: a review. Advances in Therapy, 17(5), 230-237. Petersen, P. E. (2003). Tobacco and oral health-the role of the World Health Organization. Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry, 1(4), 309-316. Thomson, W. M., Broadbent, J. M., Welch, D., Beck, J. D., Poulton, R. (2007). Cigarette smoking and periodontal disease among 32†year†olds: a prospective study of a representative birth cohort. Journal of clinical periodontology, 34(10), 828-834.

Free Slaughterhouse-Five Essays: Manipulation of Time and Place :: Slaughterhouse-Five Essays

Slaughterhouse Five - Manipulation of Time and Place Kurt Vonnegut's manipulation of time and place adds a science- fiction element to Slaughterhouse-Five. Structarally, the novel is far from traditional. Billy Pilgrim, the protagonist, jumps from place to place and is in a constant time warp while on the planet Tralfamadore. Since Vonnegut uses the planet Tralfamadore and the Tralfamadorian people to take Billy from place to place and time frame to time frame, in the novel he constantly respects the phrase "So it goes," which describes the Tralfamadorians' view of death. Vonnegut's manipulation of time and place is definitely unusual. Billy, an optometrist in Ilium, New York, finds himself "time tripping" with the people on Tralfamadore. To the Tralfamadorians time does not exist. Billy can be on Tralfamadore for years, while only being absent from earth for a microsecond (26). Billy's "time tripping" also allows Vonnegut to join the three main settings and experiences of the book: the horrors of the war and Dresden, Billy's normal life in Illim, and his time on Tralfamadore. Billy has no control over his being in a time warp. In the midst of his life in New York he will suddenly find himself Tralfamadore; he has become "unstuck in time" ( 22). The Tralfamadorians eventually show Billy the important moments of his life, but they do not always show them in sequence. They do this so Billy can fully understand the true reasons for and the importance of the events. Vonnegut also uses this tactic of time manipulation. He tells and shows the occurrences of Billy's life in a juxtaposed manner which parallels the "time tripping." The "time tripping" and being "unstuck in time" allow Vonnegut to present the events of the war in a sequence through which they would have the greatest impact on the reader. Vonnegut's manipulation of time and place in Slaughterhouse-Five allows him to use the phrase "So it goes" for special impact . The phrase appears after every death scene. It allows the bridge from death to life, and it also allows Vonnegut to change the time frame or place of the action. According to one source, the phrase "So it goes" appears in the novel over 100 times (Boomhower).

Cosmetic Surgery Is Moving Toward Multiethnic Beauty Ideals Essay

â€Å"The increasing number of nonwhites getting cosmetic surgery is helping society accelerate from a crawl to a full-bore sprint toward one truly melted, fusion community.† In the following viewpoint, Anupreeta Das questions whether minorities go under the knife to look more Caucasian. She suggests that as ethnically ambiguous beauties emerge in entertainment and the media, many African American, Asian, and Latino cosmetic-surgery patients want changes that harmonize with their ethnic features. In fact, Das states more surgeons today are specializing in race-specific procedures. This blending and reducing of racial characteristics through cosmetic surgery allow minorities to fit in with beauty standards that are moving away from a Caucasian ideal, she claims. Das is a journalist based in Boston. As you read, consider the following questions: 1.As stated by Das, how do rhinoplasty procedures differ among Caucasians, African Americans, and Asian Americans? 2.Why did Jewish people embrace cosmetic surgery, according to the viewpoint? 3.According to Das, what do critics say about the increase of ethnic models in the fashion industry? For almost a century, the women who have turned to cosmetic surgery to achieve beauty—or some Hollywood-meets-Madison Avenue version of it—were of all ages, shapes, and sizes but almost always of one hue: white. But now, when there seems to be nothing that a few thousand dollars can’t fix, women of color are clamoring in skyrocketing numbers to have their faces and bodies nipped, snipped, lifted, pulled, and tucked. This is a step forward, right? In the land of opportunity, we applaud when barriers break down and more people get to partake in the good life, as it were. There are many explanations for the new willingness of minorities to go under the knife: their swelling numbers and disposable income, the popularization of cosmetic surgery and its growing acceptance as a normal beauty routine,  and its relative affordability. What’s significant are the procedures minorities are choosing. More often than not, they’re electing to surgically narrow the span of their nostrils and perk up their noses or suture their eyelids to create an extra fold. Or they’re sucking out the fat from buttocks and hips that, for their race or ethnicity, are typically plump. It all could lead to one presumption: These women are making themselves look more white—or at least less ethnic. But perhaps not to the extent some suppose. â€Å"People want to keep their ethnic identity,† says Dr. Arthur Shektman, a Wellesley-based plastic surgeon. â€Å"They want some change, but they don’t really want a white nose on a black face.† Shektman says not one of his minority patients—they make up about 30 percent of his practice, up from about 5 percent 10 years ago—has said, â€Å"I want to look white.† He believes this is evidence that the dominant Caucasian-centered idea of blond, blue-eyed beauty is giving way to multiple â€Å"ethnic standards of beauty,† with the likes of Halle Berry, Jennifer Lopez, and Lucy Liu as poster girls. â€Å"No way† is the answer Tamar Williams of Dorchester gives when asked if her desire to surgically reduce the width of her nose and get a perkier tip was influenced by a Caucasian standard. â€Å"Why would I want to look white?† Growing up, the 24-year-old African-American bank teller says, she longed for a nose that wasn’t quite so wide or flat or big for her face. â€Å"It wasn’t that I didn’t like it,† Williams says. â€Å"I just wanted to change it.† Hoping to become a model, she thinks the nose job she got in November [2007] will bring her a lifetime of happiness and opportunity. â€Å"I was always confident. But now I can show off my nose.† Yet others are less convinced that the centuries-old fixation on Caucasian beauty—from the Mona Lisa to Pamela Anderson—has slackened. â€Å"I’m not ready to put to rest the idea that the white ideal has not permeated our psyches,† says Janie Ward, a professor of Africana Studies at Simmons College. â€Å"It is still shaping our expectations of what is beautiful.† A Peculiar Fusion Whether or not the surging number of minority patients is influenced by a white standard, one point comes with little doubt: The $12.4 billion-a-year plastic surgery industry is adapting its techniques to meet this demand. The American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS), for example, has in recent months held meetings on subjects ranging from Asian upper-eyelid surgery to so-called ethnic rhinoplasty. The discussion will come to Boston this summer [2007] when the academy will host a five-day event that will include sessions on nose reshaping techniques tailored to racial groups. And increasingly, plastic surgeons are wooing minorities—who make up one-third of the US population—by advertising specializations in race-specific surgeries and using a greater number of nonwhite faces on their Web sites. It could be that these new patients are not trying to erase the more obvious markers of their ethnic heritage or race, but simply to reduce them. In the process, they’re pursuing ethnic and racial ambiguity. Take Williams. With her new smaller nose and long, straight hair, the African-American woman seems to be toying with the idea of ambiguity. And maybe we shouldn’t be surprised. The intermingling of ethnicities and races—via marriages, friendships, and other interactions—has created a peculiar fusion in this country. It’s the great mishmash where Christmas and Hanukkah and Kwanzaa are celebrated in one long festive spirit, where weddings mix Hindi vows with a chuppah, where California-Vietnamese is a cuisine, where Eminem can be â€Å"black† and Beyonce can go blond. And the increasing number of nonwhites getting cosmetic surgery is helping society accelerate from a crawl to a full-bore sprint toward one truly melted, fusion community. There were 11.5 million cosmetic procedures done in 2005, including surgical ones such as face lifts and rhinoplasties and nonsurgical ones such as Botox shots and collagen injections. One out of every five patients was of African, Asian, or Hispanic descent (separate statistics aren’t available for white versus nonwhite Hispanics). According to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, the number of minority patients undergoing cosmetic procedures increased from 300,000 in 1997 to 2 million in 2005.  Although the total demand for cosmetic procedures also increased—from 2 million in 1997 to 11.5 million in 2005—the rate of increase for minorities is higher than the overall rate. (Women account for more than nine-tenths of all cosmetic procedures.) Different ethnic and racial groups favor different procedures. Statistics compiled by the AAFPRS show that in 2005, more than six out of every 10 African-Americans getting cosmetic surgery had nose jobs. Unlike rhinoplasties performed on Caucasians, which may fix a crooked bridge or shave off a hump, doctors say African-American and Asian-American nose reshaping usually leads to narrower nostrils, a higher bridge, and a pointier tip. For Asian-Americans, eyelid surgery—either the procedure to create an eyelid fold, often giving the eye a more wide-open appearance, or a regular eye lift to reduce signs of aging—is popular. According to the AAFPRS, 50 percent of Asian patients get eyelid surgery. Dr. Min Ahn, a Westborough-based plastic surgeon who performs Asian eyelid surgery, says only about half of the Asian population is born with some semblance of an eyelid crease. â€Å"Even if Asians have a preexisting eyelid crease, it is lower and the eyelid is fuller.† For those born without the crease, he says, creating the double eyelid is â€Å"so much a part of the Asian culture right now.† It’s probable that this procedure is driving the Asian demand for eyelid surgeries. Breast augmentation and rhinoplasty top the list of preferred procedures for patients of Hispanic origin, followed by liposuction. Asian-Americans also choose breast implants, while breast reduction—the one procedure eligible for insurance coverage—is the third most preferred choice for African-American women after nose reshaping and liposuction. Doctors say African-American women typically use liposuction to remove excess fat from their buttocks and hips—two areas in which a disproportionate number of women of this race store fat. The Culture of Self-Improvement Of course, the assimilative nature of society in general has always demanded a certain degree of conformity and adaptation of every group that landed on American shores. People have adjusted in ways small and large—such as by changing their names and learning new social mores. Elizabeth Haiken, a San Francisco Bay area historian and the author of the 1997 book Venus Envy: A History of Cosmetic Surgery, says ethnic minorities may use plastic surgery as a way to fit in to the mainstream, just as another group used it in the early 20th century. â€Å"The first group to really embrace cosmetic surgery was the Jews,† says Haiken. Her research indicates that during the 1920s, when cosmetic surgery first became popular in the United States, being Jewish was equated with â€Å"being ugly and un-American,† and the Jewish nose was the first line of attack. Most rhinoplasties therefore sought to reduce its distinct characteristics and bring it more in line with the preferre d straighter shape of the Anglo-Saxon nose. That people would go to such extremes to change their appearance should come as no surprise. â€Å"Going back to early 20th-century culture, there is a deep-seated conviction that you are what you look like,† Haiken says. â€Å"It’s not your family, your birth, or your heritage, it’s all about you. And your looks and appearance and the way you present yourself will determine who you are.† In the initial sizing-up, the face is the fortune. Physical beauty becomes enmeshed with success and happiness. Plastic surgeons commonly say that minorities today choose surgery for the same reasons as whites—to empower, better, and preserve themselves. â€Å"It’s the universal desire to maintain youthfulness, and it doesn’t change from group to group,† says Dr. Frank Fechner, a Worcester-based plastic surgeon. The culture of self-improvement that surrounds Americans has also made plastic surgery more permissible in recent years. â€Å"Making oneself over—one’s home, one’s car, one’s breasts—is now a part of the American life cycle,† writes New York Times columnist Alex Kuczynski in her 2006 book, Beauty Junkies: Inside Our $15 Billion Obsession With Cosmetic Surgery. â€Å"Doctors have sold us on the notion that surgery †¦ is merely part of the journey  toward enhancement, the beauty outside ultimately reflecting the beauty within.† Nothing captures this journey better than the swarm of plastic surgery TV shows such as ABC’s Extreme Makeover, Fox’s The Swan, and FX’s Nip/Tuck. These prime-time televised narratives of desperation and triumph, with the scalpel in the starring role of savior, have also helped make plastic surgery more widely accepted. Through sanitized, pain-free, 60-minute capsules showcasing the tr ansformation of ordinary folks, reality TV has sold people on the notion that the Cinderella story is a purchasable, everyday experience that everyone deserves. Mei-Ling Hester, a 43-year-old Taiwanese-American hairdresser on Newbury Street, believes in plastic surgery as a routine part of personal upkeep. So when her eyelids started to droop and lose their crease, she rushed to Ahn, the plastic surgeon. He sucked the excess fat out while maintaining, he says, â€Å"the Asian characteristic† of her eyelids. Hester also regularly gets Botox injected into her forehead and is considering liposuction. â€Å"I feel great inside,† she says. With hair tinted a rich brown and eyes without lines or puffiness, her beauty is groomed and serene. â€Å"I work out, I eat right, I use good products on my face. It was worth it,† she says of her surgery. Although Hester says she pursues plastic surgery for betterment and self-fulfillment, she recognizes her privileged status as someone born with the double eyelids and sharper nose so prized in much of the Asian community. â€Å"I just got lucky, because if you look at my sister, sheâ₠¬â„¢s got a flat nose.† Another sister was born without the eyelid crease and had it surgically created, says Hester. The concept of the double eyelid as beautiful comes from the West. â€Å"For many, many years, the standards for beauty have been Western standards that say you have to have a certain shape to the eye, and the eyelid has to have a fold,† says Dr. Ioannis Glavas, a facial plastic surgeon specializing in eyelid surgery, with practices in Cambridge, New York City, and Athens. Sometimes, the demand for bigger eyes can be extreme. Glavas recalls one young Asian-American woman he saw who, in addition to wanting a double eyelid procedure, asked him to snip off some of the bottom lid to expose more of the white. â€Å"I had to say no to her,† he says. Glavas says both Asian women and men demand the double eyelid surgery because it is a way of looking less different by reducing an obvious ethnic feature. Presumably, Asian patients aren’t aiming to look white by getting double eyelids (after all, African-Americans and other minorities have double eyelids), but the goal is social and cultural assimilation, or identification with some dominant aesthetic standard. Across-the-Board Appeal In recent years, the dominant aesthetic standard in American society has moved away from the blond, blue-eyed Caucasian woman to a more ethnically ambiguous type. Glossy magazines are devoting more pages to this melting-pot aesthetic, designed (like the new Barbies) for across-the-board appeal. Today’s beautiful woman comes in many colors, from ivory to cappuccino to ebony. Her hair can be dark and kinky, and she might even show off a decidedly curvy derriere—a feature that has actually started to prompt some white women to get gluteal augmentation, or butt implants. However, critics say these are superficial changes to what is essentially a Caucasian-inspired ideal—the big-eyed, narrow-nosed, pillow-lipped, large-breasted, boyishly thin apparition. â€Å"There has been a subtle change in the kind of models you see in Victoria’s Secret catalogs or Vogue,† says Dr. Fred Stucker, the head of facial plastic surgery at Louisiana State University, Shreveport. But â€Å"they take the black girl who has the high cheekbones, narrow nose, and pouty lips.† It’s not uncommon, he says, to find â€Å"a white face with dark skin.† Going by the recent surge of minorities demanding plastic surgery, it is plausible that this attempt by canny marketers and media types to promote a darker-skinned but still relatively uniform ideal is working. After all, they are simply following the money. According to the University of Georgia’s Selig Center for Economic Growth, which compiles an annual report on the â€Å"multicultural economy† in the United States, minorities had a combined buying power of several trillion dollars in 2006. In 2007, the  disposable income of Hispanics is expected to rise to $863 billion, while African-Americans will collectively have $847 billion to spend. By 2010, Asians are expected to have buying power totaling $579 billion. And all of these groups are showing a greater willingness to spend it on themselves and the things they covet, including cosmetic surgery. Katie Marcial represents exactly this kind of person. The 50-year-old African-American is newly single, holds a well-paying job in Boston, and has no qualms about spending between $10,000 and $20,000 on a tummy tuck and breast surgery. â€Å"I’m doing this mainly because I’m economically able to do so,† says Marcial, a Dorchester resident whose clear skin and youthful attire belie her age. With her three children all grown, her money is hers to spend. â€Å"I can indulge in a little vanity,† she says. Marcial says she chose a young, Asian-American doctor to perform her surgery because â€Å"I thought she would know the latest techniques and be sensitive to ethnic skin.† Historically, plastic surgery has been tailored to Caucasian women. Glavas says that in medical texts, the measurements of symmetry and balance—two widely recognized preconditions of beauty—were made with Caucasian faces in mind. Such practices led to a general sense among minorities that plastic surgery was for whites and kept them away from tinkering with their faces and bodies. But even as the industry now adapts to its new customers, plastic surgeons are divided over whether surgical specialization in various ethnicities and races necessarily caters better to the needs of minority patients. Dr. Julius Few, a plastic surgeon at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine, hails the fact that plastic surgeons are customizing their procedures to focus on minorities, â€Å"so it’s not just the one-size-fits-all mentality of saying, well, if somebody’s coming in, regardless, they’re going to look Northern European coming out.† He even sees â€Å"a sort of subspecialty† emerging in various ethnic procedures. Meanwhile, Dr. Jeffrey Spiegel, who is chief of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery at Boston University Medical Center and has a large number of nonwhite patients, is skeptical of the notion of specialization in ethnic and racial cosmetic surgery. â€Å"It strikes me more as a marketing tool  than a real specialization,† he says. In 1991, Michael Jackson crooned â€Å"It don’t matter if you’re black or white.† Jackson’s message about transcending race may have won singalong supporters, but his plastic surgeries did not. His repeated nose jobs and lightened skin color (he has maintained he is not bleaching but is using makeup to cover up the signs of vitiligo, a skin condition) were perceived by minorities—especially African-Americans—as an attempt to look white. Doctors say that â€Å"Don’t make me look like Michael Jackson† is a popular refrain among patients. â€Å"People were put off by dramatic surgeries and preferred subtle changes,† says Shektman, the Wellesley-based plastic surgeon. The New Melting-Pot Aesthetic Choices have expanded since then. Minorities can now hold themselves up against more ethnically and racially ambiguous role models that may still trace their roots to the once-dominant Caucasian standard but are becoming more composite and blended. â€Å"The concept of ideal beauty is moving toward a mix of ethnic features,† says plastic surgeon Ahn, a Korean-American who is married to a Caucasian. â€Å"And I think it’s better.† The push toward ethnic and racial ambiguity should perhaps be expected, because the cultural churn in American society is producing it anyway. Sure, promoting ambiguous beauty is a strategic move on the part of marketing gurus to cover their bases and appeal to all groups. But it’s also a reflection of reality. Not only are minorities expected to make up about half the American population by 2050, but the number of racially mixed people is increasing tremendously. The number of mixed-race children has been growing enough since the 1970s that in 2000 the Census Bureau created a new section in which respondents could self-identify their race; nearly 7 million people (2.4 percent of the population) identified themselves as belonging to more than one race. For minorities, this new melting-pot beauty aesthetic—perhaps the only kind of aesthetic standard that befits a multiethnic and multicultural society—is  an achievable and justifiable goal. Increasingly, advertisements use models whose blue eyes and dreadlocked hair or almond-shaped eyes and strong cheekbones leave you wondering about their ethnic origins. The ambiguous model might have been dreamed up on a computer or picked from the street. But advertisers value her because she is a blended product—someone everyone can identify with because she cannot be immediately defined by race or ethnicity. By surgically blending or erasing the most telling ethnic or racial characteristics, cosmetic surgery makes ambiguity possible and allows people of various ethnicities and races to fit in. For the Jewish community in the 1920s, fitting in may have had to do with imitating a Caucasian beauty ideal. For minorities today, it’s a melting-pot beauty ideal that is un iquely American. How appropriate this ambiguity is, in a culture that expects conformity even as it celebrates diversity. Das, Anupreeta. â€Å"Cosmetic Surgery Is Moving Toward Multiethnic Beauty Ideals.† The Culture of Beauty. Ed. Roman Espejo. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"The Search for Beautiful.† Boston Globe 21 Jan. 2007. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. Document URL http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/ovic/ViewpointsDetailsPage/ViewpointsDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=OVIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Viewpoints&dviSelectedPage=&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=&displayGroups=&sortBy=&zid=&search_within_results=&p=OVIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CEJ3010659218&source=Bookmark&u=lawr16325&jsid=8af464626ea9692fea0cb02ef9c121a3 Gale Document Number: GALE|EJ3010659218

Augustus And The Use Of Propaganda - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1297 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Propaganda Essay Did you like this example?   It is often said that history is written by the victors, and the quote could not be more appropriate than for Augustus. He is often called the ?restorer of the Republic by contemporary and ancient time historians. Being a major influence on his life, Augustus was inspired by Caesar practices and propaganda works. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Augustus And The Use Of Propaganda" essay for you Create order He took those propaganda lessons and perfected them. The unprecedented age of peace and stability that Augustus brought, known as the Pax Romana or Roman Peace, did not occur naturally. He was able to maintain control of not only the common people but of the government and other political rivals. The written word was perhaps the most useful tool at his disposal and he used it to manipulate events to tell the story from his perspective and ensured that this perspective would be considered historical fact. When studying propaganda in the age of Augustus, it is crucial to mention Augustus own literary works, The Deeds of the Divine Augustus. The document was written by Augustus himself and meant to be seen and read by as many people as possible. The document t summarizes Augustus image and deeds to the people of Rome. He never tells any outright lies, but does manipulate the light in which certain historical events are presented. The document was written shortly before Augustus death, m eaning that it had no immediate impact in his life. Nonetheless, it is still important in how it shaped his legacy and still serves as evidence for his political propaganda machine. One of the less discussed aspects of Augustus propaganda is in the name ?Augustus itself, that is not a name, but rather a title. Augustus included the moment he was bestowed the title in his own literary work The Deeds of the Divine Augustus: In my sixth and seventh consulates, after putting out the civil war I handed over the state from my power to the dominion of the senate and Roman people. And for this merit of mine, by a senate decree, I was called Augustus   After that time, I exceeded all in influence, but I had no greater power than the others who were colleagues with me in each magistracy. When analyzing Augustus words, it is clear that he understood the significance of what had just occurred. This single verse simultaneously displays Augustus power and authority while also carefully ?clarifying that Augustus was no more powerful than any other magistrate. Even though this was not the reality, it served its purpose. It portrayed the image that Augustus wished to present to the people. The nuanced propaganda depicted the inaccurate idea that the Republic still existed and that the power ultimately rested with the people. Augustus says he had no greater power than the others [senators and statesmen] who were colleagues with him, which was simply not true. Augustus had learned from Julius Caesars the importance of propaganda, but also not to commit the same mistake as Caesar did. He knew he could not allow himself to be declared sole rul er of the Republic as Caesar did prior to his assassination. F Furthermore, another telling example of the image he wishes to portray is in the first verse, A copy below of the deeds of the divine Augustus, by which he subjected the whole wide earth to the rule of the Roman people, and of the money which he spent for the state and Roman people From the very beginning we see reference to his public image, Augustus the Divine. The Res Gestae is filled with many other indications of his legality and importance to Rome. In the first paragraph, Augustus states: on my own initiative and at my own expense, I raised an army with which I set free the state, which was oppressed by the domination of a faction. Here we see that it was Augustus that saved Rome from those who would bring her to ruin. Augustus also shows his dominance in military affairs as well. Throughout the document there are numerous mentions of Augustus conquests, I drove the men who slaughtered my father into exile with a legal order, punishing their crime, and afterwards, when they waged war on the state, I conquered them in two battles. Here, Augustus simultaneously establishes the criminal nature of Caesars assassins while also establishing his military superiority when he claims he won the battle against them twice. Importantly, in the 5th paragraph, Augustus establishes and emphasizes that he had no desire for dictatorship when he says, When the dictatorship was offered to me, both in my presence and my absence, by the people and S enateI did not accept itWhen the annual and perpetual consulate was then again offered to me, I did not accept it. Augustus is telling the people of Rome that he declined an offer of dictatorship twice, both publicly privately. As mentioned above, he knew the dangers of calling himself the only ruler and used all his skills to remove the idea from the people of the Republic. Augustus devotion to propaganda is visible also in Suetonius writings, in his writing The life of Augustus he mentions that From early youth, he devoted himself eagerly and with utmost diligence to oratory and liberal studies In fact, he never afterwards spoke in the Senate, or to the people or the soldiers, except in a studied and written address, although he did not lack the gift of speaking offhand without preparation. Augustus dedication to written words, in a period when not many could read, is a testament of his grand vision of control of the then present and future historical record. In Suetonius writing we also read, Moreover, to avoid the danger of forgetting what he was to sayhe adopted the practice of reading everything from a manuscript. Even his conversations with individuals and the more important of those with his own wife Livia, he always wrote out and read from a note-book, for fear of saying too much or too little if he spoke offhand. The desire to control all aspects of his image stretched into his intimate relationship with close friends and his own wife. Furthermore, being aware of the fact that not many could read his writing, he used the ones that could as magnifiers that would spread his word, as Suetonius writes, He wrote numerous works of various kinds in prose, some of which he read to a group of his intimate friends, as others did in a lecture-room; for example, his Reply to Brutus on Cato. Although these encounters were considered informal and intimate, they served their purpose in the propaganda machine that Augustus bulletproofed. Augustus dedicated a lot of time to writing , especially during his later years, most of it was about his life but he also tried to write a tragedy. In Suetonius Life of Augustus he writes that He also wrote Exhortations to Philosophy and some volumes of an Autobiography, giving an account of his life in thirteen books up to the time of the Cantabrian war, but no farther. Thirteen books dedicated to his life show, written during his later years show that Augustus wan not only interested in the control that the propaganda provided. He wanted to be immortalized in the image of his choice. In conclusion, Augustus is remembered as arguably the greatest leader in Romes history. His accomplishments as a leader are well known amongst contemporary Romans and historians alike. Bringing his writing into historical context and facts, it is clear that some of his deeds and character may be exaggerated. But, Augustus did bring an unprecedented era of peace to the Mediterranean world that helped ensure the longevity of the Roman empire. Nonetheless, when studying such an important figure it is important not to fall prey to Augustus propaganda itself.